Tanthauzo
Greenhouse, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti wowonjezera kutentha.Malo omwe amatha kutumiza kuwala, kutentha (kapena kutentha), ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kulima zomera.Mu nyengo zomwe sizoyenera kukula kwa zomera, zimatha kupereka nthawi ya kukula kwa greenhouses ndikuwonjezera zokolola.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kulima mbewu kapena kulima mbande zamasamba okonda kutentha, maluwa, nkhalango, ndi zina zambiri nyengo zotentha.The wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kuzindikira wanzeru unmanned ntchito basi, basi kulamulira wowonjezera kutentha chilengedwe, ndi kuonetsetsa kukula kwa mbewu ndalama.Zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi kompyuta zimatha kuwonetsedwa ndikuwerengedwa molondola.Itha kuyendetsedwa yokha kukhala malo amakono obzala.
Mtundu
Pali mitundu yambiri ya greenhouses, yomwe ingagawidwe m'magulu anayi otsatirawa malinga ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za denga, zipangizo zowunikira, mawonekedwe ndi kutentha.
1. Pulasitiki wowonjezera kutentha
Wowonjezera kutentha wa pulasitiki wamitundu yambiri ndi mtundu wa greenhouse womwe wawoneka m'zaka khumi zapitazi ndipo wapangidwa mwachangu.Poyerekeza ndi galasi wowonjezera kutentha, ali ndi ubwino wa kuwala kulemera, zochepa chimango mowa zinthu, yaing'ono shading mlingo wa zigawo structural, otsika mtengo, moyo wautali utumiki, etc. Kulamulira chilengedwe mphamvu zake kwenikweni.
Ikhoza kufika pamlingo womwewo wa greenhouses wa galasi, ndipo kuvomerezedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito greenhouses pulasitiki ndipamwamba kwambiri kuposa magalasi obiriwira padziko lapansi, ndipo wakhala gawo lalikulu la chitukuko cha greenhouses zamakono.
2. Galasi wowonjezera kutentha
A galasi wowonjezera kutentha ndi wowonjezera kutentha ndi galasi monga mandala chophimba zakuthupi.Popanga maziko, kuwonjezera pa kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mphamvu, ziyeneranso kukhala ndi kukhazikika kokwanira komanso kutha kukana kukhazikika kosagwirizana.Maziko olumikizidwa ndi kuthandizira pakati pa mizati ayeneranso kukhala ndi mphamvu yopingasa yokwanira yodutsa ndi kukhazikika kwa malo.Pansi pa wowonjezera kutentha kuyenera kukhala pansi pa nthaka yozizira kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kwa kutentha kungaganizire mphamvu ya Kutentha pa kuzizira kwakuya kwa maziko malinga ndi nyengo ndi nthaka.Khalani ndi maziko odziyimira pawokha.Konkire yowonjezera nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Mzere maziko.Zomangamanga (njerwa, miyala) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo ntchito yomangayi imachitikanso ndi zomangamanga.Mphete ya konkriti yokhazikika nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamwamba pa maziko kuti akhazikitse magawo ophatikizidwa ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya maziko.Wowonjezera kutentha, wowonjezera kutentha, wopanga mafupa owonjezera.
Chachitatu, wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa
Malo otsetsereka akumaso amaphimbidwa ndi kutchinjiriza kwa matenthedwe usiku, ndipo mbali zakum'mawa, kumadzulo, ndi kumpoto ndi malo otsetsereka apulasitiki obiriwira okhala ndi makoma otsekeka, omwe amatchulidwa kuti ma greenhouses adzuwa.Mawonekedwe ake ndi otsetsereka magalasi wowonjezera kutentha.Chivundikiro chowonekera chakutsogolo chimasinthidwa ndi filimu yapulasitiki m'malo mwa galasi, yomwe idasintha kukhala wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa.The wowonjezera kutentha dzuwa amakhala wabwino kuteteza kutentha, ndalama zochepa, ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu, amene ali abwino kwambiri ntchito m'madera osauka chuma dziko langa.Kumbali imodzi, ma radiation a dzuwa ndi gwero lofunikira la mphamvu zosungira kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa kapena kusunga kutentha;Kumbali ina, kuwala kwa dzuwa ndiko kuwala kwa photosynthesis ya mbewu.Kuteteza kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa kumapangidwa ndi magawo awiri: kamangidwe kamene kamateteza kutentha komanso quilt yosungira kutentha.Zida zotetezera kutentha kutsogolo ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosinthika kuti zitha kuchotsedwa mosavuta dzuwa likatuluka ndikulowa dzuwa likamalowa.The kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo zatsopano denga kutchinjiriza makamaka kuganizira zofunika ntchito makina osavuta, mtengo wotsika, kulemera kuwala, kukana ukalamba, madzi ndi zizindikiro zina.
Chachinayi, pulasitiki wowonjezera kutentha
The pulasitiki wowonjezera kutentha amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa mokwanira, ali ndi mphamvu yotetezera kutentha, ndipo amawongolera kutentha ndi chinyezi m'malo okhetsedwa mkati mwa kugubuduza filimuyo.
Mapulastiki obiriwira kumadera akumpoto: makamaka amasewera kulima koyambilira kwa kasupe komanso kumapeto kwa autumn.Zitha kukhala masiku 30-50 m'mbuyomu masika ndi masiku 20-25 pambuyo pake m'dzinja.kulima overwintering sikuloledwa.Kum'mwera dera: Kuwonjezera kutentha kutentha kwa masamba ndi maluwa m'nyengo yozizira ndi masika, ndi kulima overwintering (masamba masamba), akhoza m'malo ndi sunshade, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito shading ndi kuzirala, mvula, mphepo, ndi kupewa matalala m'chilimwe ndi autumn.Mawonekedwe a pulasitiki wowonjezera kutentha: yosavuta kumanga, yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndalama zochepa, ndi njira yosavuta yotetezera kumunda.Ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale apulasitiki, amavomerezedwa kwambiri ndi mayiko padziko lonse lapansi.
Chipangizo chachikulu
Chipangizo cholimira m'nyumba, chophatikizirapo mobzalamo, chosungira madzi, chowongolera kutentha, chowunikira chothandizira, ndi njira yowongolera chinyezi;khola lobzala limayikidwa pansi pazenera kapena limapangidwa kukhala chinsalu chobzala mbewu;njira yoperekera madzi imangopereka madzi munthawi yake komanso moyenera;Dongosolo lowongolera kutentha limaphatikizapo kutulutsa mpweya, fani yotentha, sensa ya kutentha ndi bokosi lowongolera kutentha kwanthawi zonse kuti musinthe kutentha munthawi yake;Dongosolo lothandizira lounikira limaphatikizapo kuwala kwa mbewu ndi chonyezimira, chomwe chimayikidwa mozungulira mobzalamo, chimawunikira kulibe masana, kotero kuti mbewu zitha kupita patsogolo pa Photosynthesis, ndipo kuwunikira kwa kuwala kumapereka malo okongola;dongosolo lowongolera chinyezi limagwirizana ndi fani yotulutsa mpweya kuti isinthe chinyezi ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwamkati.
Kachitidwe
Malo obiriwira amaphatikizanso ntchito zazikulu zitatu: kutumiza kuwala, kuteteza kutentha, ndi kulimba.
Greenhouse ntchito
Internet of Things Technology (Yowonjezera)
M'malo mwake, ukadaulo wapaintaneti wa Zinthu ndiwophatikizira ndikugwiritsa ntchito umisiri wosiyanasiyana wamalingaliro, matekinoloje amakono amtaneti, ndi nzeru zopangira komanso matekinoloje ochita kupanga.M'malo otenthetsera kutentha, wowonjezera kutentha limodzi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa intaneti wa Zinthu kuti akhale malo owongolera ma network opanda zingwe, pogwiritsa ntchito ma node osiyanasiyana a sensor ndi ma node okhala ndi ma actuators osavuta, monga mafani, ma mota otsika, ma valve ndi ena otsika. -current kuphedwa Bungwe limapanga maukonde opanda zingwe kuyeza gawo lapansi chinyezi, zikuchokera, pH mtengo, kutentha, mpweya chinyezi, mpweya kuthamanga, kuwala kwambiri, carbon dioxide ndende, etc., ndiyeno kupyolera chitsanzo kusanthula, basi kuwongolera chilengedwe wowonjezera kutentha, kuwongolera ulimi wothirira ndi umuna, kuti mupeze kukula kwa mbewu.
Kwa mapaki aulimi okhala ndi greenhouses, intaneti ya Zinthu imathanso kuzindikira ndikuwongolera zidziwitso zokha.Pokhala ndi ma node opanda zingwe opanda zingwe, node iliyonse yopanda zingwe imatha kuyang'anira magawo osiyanasiyana achilengedwe.Polandira zidziwitso zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi node ya sensor sensor convergence node, kusunga, kuwonetsa ndi kasamalidwe ka data, kupeza, kuyang'anira, kusanthula ndi kukonza zidziwitso za mfundo zonse zoyeserera zitha kuchitika, ndipo zitha kuwonetsedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mu wowonjezera kutentha. mu mawonekedwe a ma graph mwachilengedwe ndi ma curve.Pa nthawi yomweyo, zosiyanasiyana phokoso ndi kuwala Alamu zambiri ndi SMS Alamu zambiri amaperekedwa malinga ndi zosowa kubzala zomera, kuti azindikire kwambiri ndi maukonde kasamalidwe kutali wa wowonjezera kutentha.
Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wapaintaneti wa Zinthu utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagawo osiyanasiyana opanga greenhouse.Pa siteji pamene wowonjezera kutentha ali wokonzeka kuika mu kupanga, pokonza masensa osiyanasiyana mu wowonjezera kutentha, mkati chilengedwe zambiri za wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kusanthula mu nthawi yeniyeni, kuti bwino kusankha mitundu yoyenera kubzala;popanga, akatswiri atha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa intaneti wa Zinthu kusonkhanitsa kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazidziwitso monga, chinyezi, ndi zina zambiri, kuti akwaniritse kasamalidwe kabwino.Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka kwa ukonde wa shading ikhoza kulamulidwa ndi sensa pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso monga kutentha ndi kuwala mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndipo nthawi yoyambira ya kutentha imatha kusinthidwa malinga ndi chidziwitso cha kutentha chomwe chinasonkhanitsidwa, ndi zina zotero;Pambuyo pokolola, zidziwitso zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi intaneti ya Zinthu zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kusanthula magwiridwe antchito ndi chilengedwe cha zomera pamagawo osiyanasiyana ndikuzibwezeretsanso ku gawo lotsatira la kupanga, kuti mukwaniritse kasamalidwe kolondola komanso kupeza. mankhwala abwino.
Mfundo yogwira ntchito
Wowonjezera kutentha amagwiritsa ntchito zida zophimba zowonekera komanso zida zowongolera zachilengedwe kuti apange microclimate yakumaloko, ndikukhazikitsa malo apadera omwe amathandizira kukula ndikukula kwa mbewu.Ntchito ya wowonjezera kutentha ndi kulenga zinthu zachilengedwe zoyenera kukula kwa mbewu ndi chitukuko kuti tikwaniritse kupanga bwino.Dzuwa cheza cholamulidwa ndi shortwave cheza amalowa wowonjezera kutentha kudzera mandala zipangizo wowonjezera kutentha.The wowonjezera kutentha adzawonjezera m'nyumba kutentha pansi ndi kutentha ndi kusintha izo kukhala ma radiation a longwave.
Long yoweyula poizoniyu ndi oletsedwa ndi wowonjezera kutentha chophimba zinthu mu wowonjezera kutentha, potero kupanga m'nyumba kutentha kudzikundikira.Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa chipinda kumatchedwa "greenhouse effect".Wowonjezera kutentha amagwiritsa ntchito "greenhouse effect" kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha ulimi wa mbewu, ndipo amapanga malo abwino oti mbewu zikule panthawi yomwe mbewu siziyenera kubzala panja posintha kutentha kwa m'nyumba, potero kumawonjezera zokolola.
Nkhani ndi malo
Ndi bwino kupitirira wosanjikiza mazira.Mfundo kamangidwe ka wowonjezera kutentha zachokera dongosolo nthaka ndi m'deralo nyengo.Maziko ake ndi ozama kwambiri m'madera ozizira komanso malo otayirira.
Kusankhidwa kwa malo kuyenera kukhala kosavuta momwe mungathere.Kusankhidwa kwa malo a wowonjezera kutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri.Madzi apansi pa nthaka sayenera kukhala okwera kwambiri, pewani mapiri aatali ndi nyumba zomwe zimatsekereza kuwala, komanso kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kubzala ndi kuswana, mashedi sangamangidwe m'malo oipitsidwa.Kuphatikiza apo, madera okhala ndi monsoons amphamvu ayenera kuganizira za kukana kwa mphepo ya wowonjezera kutentha wosankhidwa.Kulimbana ndi mphepo ya greenhouses ambiri kuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 8.
Kuwongolera kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumakhudza kwambiri mphamvu yosungiramo kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha, monga momwe kutentha kwa dzuwa kumakhudzira.Malinga ndi zomwe zinachitikira, ndi bwino kuti greenhouses kum'mwera kuyang'ana chakumadzulo.Izi zimathandizira kuti wowonjezera kutentha aziunjikira kutentha kwambiri.Ngati angapo greenhouses amamangidwa, katayanitsidwe pakati pa greenhouses sayenera kukhala osachepera m'lifupi mwa wowonjezera kutentha.
Kuwongolera kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumatanthauza kuti mitu ya wowonjezera kutentha ili kumpoto ndi kum'mwera motsatira.Kuyika uku kumathandizira kuti mbewu zomwe zili mu wowonjezera kutentha zizigawidwa mofanana.
Zida za khoma la wowonjezera kutentha zingagwiritsidwe ntchito malinga ngati zili ndi kutentha kwabwino komanso kusungirako kutentha.Khoma lamkati la wowonjezera kutentha lomwe likugogomezera apa liyenera kukhala ndi ntchito yosungira kutentha, ndipo zomangamanga za wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa ziyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.Pofuna kusunga kutentha.Usiku, kutentha kumeneku kumatulutsidwa kuti asunge kutentha mu shedi.Makoma a njerwa, makoma a pulasitala simenti, ndi makoma a nthaka zonse zimakhala ndi mphamvu zosungira kutentha.Nthawi zambiri ndi bwino kutengera njerwa-konkire dongosolo kwa makoma a greenhouses.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-07-2021